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🏺 Training: Languages

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  1. Intro to Classical Greek Learning Module

🏺 Intro to Classical Greek Learning Module

Free lessons with sources, a short quiz and progress saved in your browser.

A beginner course in classical (Attic) Greek, read, written and spoken: the alphabet and handwriting, restored Attic pronunciation with Erasmian notes, the article, nouns, verbs, participles and moods, with practice and answers, writing and speaking drills in every lesson, and short readings from Aesop, Xenophon, Plato and Homer. 22 lessons.

What is included: 22 lessons and pages
  1. The Alphabet and Handwriting 35 min
    Learn the 24 letters of the Greek alphabet in small letters and capitals, how to write each one by hand, which letters only look like English ones, and how to spell your own name in Greek.
  2. Pronunciation: Restored Attic, Erasmian and Modern 38 min
    Learn the three ways people pronounce ancient Greek today, why this course uses restored Attic, how every letter and diphthong sounds in each system, and why vowel length matters.
  3. Breathings, Accents and Punctuation 36 min
    Learn the small marks on Greek words: rough and smooth breathings, the acute, grave and circumflex accents as marks of pitch, the basic rules for where accents can fall, and Greek punctuation, including the question mark that looks like a semicolon.
  4. Greetings and Classroom Phrases 32 min
    Start speaking: say hello and goodbye, ask and give names, answer yes and no, praise a good answer, count from one to ten, and use the short commands of a Greek classroom.
  5. Nouns: Gender, Number, and the First and Second Declensions 38 min
    Meet Greek nouns: the three genders, singular and plural, stems and endings, and the five model nouns χώρα, τιμή, θάλαττα, λόγος and δῶρον, first in the nominative and then in every form.
  6. The Cases and What They Do 40 min
    Learn what each of the five Greek cases does in a sentence, with plain English comparisons, why Greek word order can be so free, and the complete first and second declension tables with the patterns that make them easy to remember.
  7. The Article and Agreement 35 min
    Learn every form of the Greek definite article ὁ ἡ τό, see how it agrees with its noun in gender, number and case, and use it as a pronoun in the ὁ μέν ... ὁ δέ pattern.
  8. The Present Active Indicative and εἰμί 38 min
    Conjugate λύω and other regular verbs in the present active indicative, learn the present of εἰμί (to be) with its enclitic accents, and build simple Greek sentences in any word order.
  9. The Present Middle and Passive 38 min
    Learn the middle voice, where the subject acts for or on itself, and the passive, where the subject is acted on; conjugate λύομαι, express the agent with ὑπό, and learn deponent verbs such as βούλομαι and ἔρχομαι.
  10. Adjectives and Pronouns 40 min
    Decline 2-1-2 adjectives such as ἀγαθός and δίκαιος, tell attributive from predicate position, and learn the personal pronouns ἐγώ and σύ, the three uses of αὐτός, and the demonstratives οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος.
  11. Prepositions 40 min
    Learn the common Greek prepositions and the cases each one takes, the place-to-place logic of where, where to and where from, how prepositions shorten before vowels (ἐξ, ἀφʼ, καθʼ), and read Xenophon's description of the river at Celaenae.
  12. The Imperfect and the Future 35 min
    Put verbs into the past with the augment, build the imperfect of λύω and εἰμί, and form the future with -σ- and the sound changes it causes.
  13. The Aorist 38 min
    Learn the first (sigmatic) aorist ἔλυσα, the second aorist ἔλαβον, εἶπον, ἦλθον, and the difference in aspect between the aorist snapshot and the ongoing imperfect.
  14. The Third Declension 40 min
    Meet the third family of Greek nouns: consonant stems (φύλαξ, σῶμα, ῥήτωρ), sigma stems (γένος), i-stems (πόλις), and why the genitive singular is the form you must memorize.
  15. The Perfect and Pluperfect 36 min
    Form the perfect with reduplication (λέλυκα, λέλυμαι), learn what the perfect means (a finished act with a result that still stands), and meet the pluperfect.
  16. Participles 40 min
    Decline the present active participle λύων, λύουσα, λῦον, then use participles three ways (attributive, circumstantial, supplementary) and read your first genitive absolutes.
  17. Infinitives and Indirect Statement 40 min
    Form the present, future, aorist and perfect infinitives of λύω, use the infinitive with verbs like βούλομαι and with the article, then report what people said with φημί plus an infinitive and with λέγω ὅτι.
  18. Subjunctive, Optative and Imperative 40 min
    Learn the three moods beyond the indicative in λύω and εἰμί, then use them: let us and what should we do, purpose clauses with ἵνα, wishes with εἴθε and the optative, commands, and prohibitions with μή and the aorist subjunctive.
  19. Conversation and Composition 40 min
    Put the grammar to work: ask questions with τίς, τί, ποῦ, πότε, πῶς and διὰ τί, describe people and places, tell a short story with the aorist and imperfect, and write a guided composition of your own.
  20. Using a Lexicon and Reading Aids 35 min
    Find any Greek word you meet: how LSJ, the Middle Liddell and other lexicons are built, how to read an entry, how to turn an inflected form back into its dictionary form, the six principal parts, and the free online tools (Logeion, Perseus, the Scaife Viewer, Morpheus) that speed the work up.
  21. Readings: Aesop, Xenophon, Plato, Homer 40 min
    Read four real openings in the original Greek, with vocabulary, notes and your own translation: Aesop's fox and the grapes, the first sentence of Xenophon's Anabasis, the first lines of Plato's Apology, and the first two lines of Homer's Iliad with Ionic forms and dactylic hexameter explained.
  22. Review and Next Steps 40 min
    The whole course on a few pages: summary tables for the article, nouns, pronouns and λύω in every mood, a pronunciation chart, principal parts of ten common verbs, a map of what to read next, and charts of the alphabet, the cases, the history of Greek and its dialects.
modulelanguagesgreekclassical greekatticancient greekgrammarreadingpronunciation

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