Chapter V of Locke's Second Treatise of Government develops the labor theory of property — one of the most consequential arguments in the history...
Natural Law
The universal moral order discoverable by reason — the philosophical bedrock upon which constitutional governance rests.
Classical Foundations
Aristotle, Cicero, and Marcus Aurelius — the ancient roots of natural law reasoning.
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Christian Natural Law
Aquinas, Rutherford, and Hooker — the theological development of natural law.
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Enlightenment Natural Law
Locke, Grotius, and Pufendorf — natural law as the basis for individual rights and limited government.
American Application
The Declaration, the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and James Wilson — natural law made operational.
Readings for this section are being curated and will be available soon.